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Disk usage, logging, shutdown, hostname/shaare/V4gBWg

  • linux
  • linux

Disk and Memory Info

  • df → disk partition info
  • df -h → human-readable format
  • du → size of file/directory
  • free → memory info
  • cat /proc/cpuinfo → CPU info
  • cat /proc/meminfo → memory info

System Logs & Diagnostics

  • dmesg → check kernel ring buffer logs
  • iostat → check disk I/O stats
  • ip route | column -t → check routing table
  • ss → view open ports/sockets

Log Directory Structure

  • Logs in /var/log/

    • boot → startup records
    • chronyd → NTP info
    • cron → cron jobs
    • maillog → mail daemon
    • secure → login/logout tracking
    • messages → general trace logs
    • httpd → web server errors

Log Monitoring

  • tail -f filename → follow log file in real time

System Shutdown & Boot Control

  • shutdown → graceful shutdown
  • init 0-6 → runlevels (0=off, 3=multi-user, 6=reboot)
  • reboot → reboot system
  • halt → force shutdown immediately

Hostname Management

  • cat /etc/hostname → current hostname
  • hostnamectl set-hostname myhostname → change hostname
3 months ago Permalink
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  • File Display Commands / Filters / Text Processing Input : File Display Commands cat → Show entire content cat -A → Show non-printable characters more → Paginate output less → Same as more but allows navigatio...
  • Systemctl, process management : Basic System Info Commands uptime → time, uptime, users, load average hostname → current hostname ip hostname → show IP & hostname uname -a → current...
  • Linux File Ownership, ACLs, and I/O Redirects : File Ownership chown → Change ownership chgrp → Change group Access Control List (ACL) setfacl → Set file ACL getfacl → Get file ACL Add Permissi...
  • Screen & Tmux : Screen (Terminal Multiplexer) Multi-terminal sessions in one window Alt+A | → split vertical Alt+A Shift+S → split horizontal Alt+A Tab → switch wind...
  • Alias Setup : alias l="ls -al" → define alias unalias l → remove alias Persistent Alias Config User-specific: ~/.bashrc Global: /etc/bashrc Add: alias l="ls -a...


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